International Journal of Applied Ethics

The The Moral Status of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: An Ethical Inquiry

Leena K.R — 2025-11-05

Artificial Intelligence, which is identical to the intelligence of human being. This is a trending concept in our day today activities, which is transformed in to scientific knowledge and technological support in the middle of 20th century. John McCarthy was an American computer scientist, who coined the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’, Along with McCarthy , Alan Turing, a British mathematician and also logician can ask a question – “Can Machine think?” - in his seminal paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence." He also introduced the Turing Test to assess a machine’s intelligence, and is thus widely regarded as one of the fathers of modern computing. This is the fundamental question behind the innovation of Artificial Intelligence in the world.

This paper explores the philosophical and ethical foundations of moral status in emerging AI technologies within the medical profession. Philosophical theories such as deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics help to strengthen the ethical underpinnings of Artificial Intelligence. The paper emphasizes the importance of ensuring that, although AI lacks consciousness and moral status, its role in ethical decision-making must be subject to careful ethical regulation.

AVedic Vedic Ethics for the World Facing Ecological Challenges

Nisha Zairu — 2025-11-06

The modern Western ethical discourse has been mainly anthropocentric, individual-centricand rights-centric. In contrast, most of the tra ditional Indian ethical discourses, for example,India, have been non-anthropocentric, community-centric and obligation-centric. These two contrasting ethical discourses represent alternative ideologies relating to the relative primacyof rights and obligations. The discourses about the rights of individuals will lose theirmeaning if these discussions are not supported by obligation-centric discourses, focusing onhuman f initude and obligation towards future generations and contemporary living beings, including plants, forests, rivers, mountains and oceans. Thus, we have to recognise theurgency of making decisions at the global level to work together to save the planet Earthfrom disasters. This paper is an attempt to work out the ways in which the Vedic Ethicalideals can be used to make the world a less dangerous and less insecure place for humanity to live. In doing so, the paper will focus on the need of revisiting traditionalIndian ethical discourse for facing and meeting the increasing complexity of ecological challenges for thevery survival of various forms of life on our planet earth and attempt to give a solution for it from Vedic ethical perspectives expounded in Vedas such as Dharma, four Purusharthas,Vasudhaiva Kutumbhakam, Rita, Tri-Rin etc., essential for a harmonious world..

An Ethical Appraisal of Article 370 in light of its Abrogation

Shinie Pandit — 2025-11-06

This paper critically examines the ethical dimensions of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which granted special status to Jammu and Kashmir until its abrogation in 2019. While the article has often been discussed through historical and legal lenses, this work foregrounds its ethical stakes—particularly concerning justice, minority autonomy, and constitutional trust in a deeply diverse federal union. Drawing upon liberal multiculturalism, Rawlsian justice as fairness, and Sujit Choudhry’s theory of constitutional trust, the paper frames asymmetrical federalism not as a deviation from equality, but as a morally grounded strategy for pluralistic governance. It evaluates the 2019 revocation through these frameworks, weighing the competing moral claims of equality and national unity against procedural fairness and minority dignity. In doing so, the article argues that constitutional integration, when pursued without consent and consultation, undermines both ethical legitimacy and democratic trust. The post-abrogation developments and their ethical implications are analysed to assess whether uniformity fosters inclusion—or merely imposes conformity.

Situating Morality in Humour

Bindi Chintada — 2025-11-06

The question of ethics in humour is a challenging one. It is unclear as to how we could apply the theories of ethics to the unique challenges posed by humour. Some of these challenges include; how humour subverts the traditional notions of morality and is often contextual. As our understanding of humour and ethics continues to evolve, it is likely that new questions and considerations will be needed. The paper examines the notion and need of ethics in this domain, using the theories of Bergson, Smuts and Gaut. It begins with locating ethics of humour and considers the normativeness in humour as well as the shortcomings of the existing theories. The aim of the paper is to bring about the debates of the complex relationship humour and morality share, and address the sensitivity of the issue in order to tackle theultimate question of ‘how seriously must a joke be taken’.

Deconstructing Aniccā Through Semantic, Logic and Ethics in Early Buddhism and Western Philosophy

Anshu Kumar — 2025-11-06

This research paper explores the multifaceted concept of anicc¯ a. It is defined as “impermanence” by combining perspectives from early Western philosophy, P¯ali Tipit .aka texts and current scholarly discussions. This work aims to clarify the original meaning of anicc¯ a, out side its temporal aspect. It clarifies its logical relationships with dukkha (suffering) and anatt¯a (non-self). A methodological framework of comparative philosophical analysis and textual exegesis was employed, drawing on Western fragments (Heraclitus, Parmenides, Aristotle, Stoics) alongside key P¯ali suttas and commentaries. The findings reveal that anicc¯a encompasses both the universal flux of phenomena and the subjective perception of unsatisfactoriness when one seeks permanence in conditioned realities; logically, (anicc¯a → dukkha → anatt¯a) collapses into anicc¯a ↔ anatt¯a, signifying the inseparability of change and non-self. Limitations include reliance on textual sources without empirical or ethnographic validation and a primary focus on Therav¯ada commentarial traditions to the exclusion of Mah¯ay¯ana interpre tations. The implications of this reconceptualization extend to Buddhist studies, ethics and cross-cultural philosophy, inviting reappraisal of how impermanence informs contemporary debates on identity and suffering. The originality of this work lies in its logical critique of “impermanence” as an incomplete translation. Its synthesis of Waharaka Thera’s linguistic arguments and its reintegration of early Western and P¯ali insights into a cohesive account of anicc¯a’s full semantic range.

Gandhi’s Critique of Modernity: A Philosophical and Political Analysis

Dr. Ranjan Kumar Nayak — 2025-11-06

Modernity is the concept which is central to human life. This study is important because it share certain attitude and values. This paper aims to understand the idea of Gandhiji’s critique on modernity. Information for my paper has been sourced from various books written by Gandhi and others, government publications, articles, newspapers etc. This paper is basically, exploratory in nature relying on secondary research such as reviewing available literature. These papers will also discussion about the critique of modernity by expressism, non-religious and religious groups, Islamic, Tagore’s and Kant. It is found that Gandhiji’s critique on modernity has touched almost all the aspect such as Modern Civilization, caste and women, colonialism and capitalism, quality of life and religion aspect, which are having relevance on 21st century. Again it is also found that critique is nothing but first of all is the critique of ourselves. At last it is can be concluded by stating that Gandhiji was a pre-modernist.

Dynamics of Chat GPT in the Higher Education System

Dr Sarita Singh — 2025-11-06

This Paper Presents a comprehensive benefits of ChatGpt as the set of Human Learning Feedback and mechanisms of Large language learning model in the sphere of education and in different sectors. The concept of AI ChatGpt invented when an open AI chatbot and a large scale neural network-based language model came together. The generative pre-trained transformer tool developed by the top AI research organization in the world created the cutting-edge language model called ChatGPT. These comprehensive benefits of ChatGpt in the form of Humanlearning feedback and language learning model can enhance the adaptability and performance of students in diverse domains through large scale pre-training, instruction fine-tuning by providing instant feedback. The application of ChatGPT has the potential to change and revolutionize learning and how 21st-century students will adopt this approach in the field of education. Hence, this article highlighted the potential benefits and some of the significant aspects of the current ChatGPT version. In addition, it also identified the limitations of using ChatGPT in higher education and explored how it can be used for research purposes. Taking into consideration the research study has tried to find out the following answers- where it traces the history of ChatGPT and highlighted the application of ChatGPT in education with its critical aspects. In this regard, a conceptual study is performed by using the secondary source of data as per the framed research questions. The findings of the study are helping us to identify the Features of AI ChatGPT in the innovative teaching-learning system of education and as a whole.

A Holistic Approach to Gene Editing for Human Enhancement

Sam R. Day — 2025-11-06

This article explores the ethical complexities of gene editing for human enhancement, proposing a novel combined ethical framework that integrates the precautionary principle, cost/benefit analysis, and virtue ethics. The purpose of this research is to address the inadequacies of these individual frameworks when applied in isolation and to provide a comprehensive methodology for evaluating gene editing inter ventions. Methodologically, the paper systematically examines each ethical framework’s principles, strengths, and limitations, culminating in the development of an integrated model. The proposed framework is then applied to a theoretical case study to illustrate its practical utility. Findings reveal that while the precautionary approach ensures safety by rejecting interventions posing catastrophic or existential risks, it can overly restrict innovation. Cost/benefit analysis balances risks and benefits but struggles to address intangible ethical dimen sions. Virtue ethics emphasizes human flourishing and moral character but lacks the generalizability required for policy applications. The combined framework leverages the strengths of these approaches, providing a balanced, adaptable model that aims to maximise collective well-being within certain safety constraints and in a way that aligns with broader goals of human flourishing. The study’s originality lies in its holistic integration of diverse ethical perspectives, offering a robust tool for navigating the moral landscape of enhancement technologies. Limitations include challenges in operationalizing the framework across varied contexts and the need for iterative refinement as scien tific knowledge evolves. Implications extend to policymaking, emphasizing equitable access, risk management, and adaptive governance to ensure ethical oversight of gene editing.

Cultural Construction of Psychological Resilience among the Elderly in India: A Grounded Theory Approach

Amit Prakash — 2025-11-06

Background: Resilience is a crucial factor in enhancing health and well-being of the elderly. The importance of its meaning to the elderly can greatly influence the implementation of effective healthcare services. A burgeoning research studies have acknowledged the cultural influence on the interpretation and manifestation of psychological resilience. This study intended to comprehend the resilience of elderly individuals experiencing senescence within Indian culture, given the insufficient information in this area.

Methods: This research presents an exploratory qualitative study based on constructivist grounded theory, involving theoretical sampling of 14 senior participants, with in-depth interviews conducted over 22 sessions. The gathered data were transcribed and examined using the constant comparison method.

Results: Four theoretical categories related to resilience construction were emerged from the interviews as follows: 1) “meaning of psy chological resilience” with sub-themes of “art of living”, “adaptation of senescence”, “accepting life with disease”, “family’s well-being” and “patience and faith in God”; 2) “social factors supporting resilience” with sub-themes of “human welfare”, “received support”, “atti tudes toward an elderly”, and resourcefulness; 3) “beliefs to overcome distress” with sub-themes of “efficiency”, “equanimity”, “absence of expectation”, “egolessness”, “renunciation of limited desires”, “duty/dharma”, and “total surrender”; and 4) “values contributing to resilience” with sub-themes of “self-control”, “tranquillity”, “emotional maturity”, “self-emptiness”, “being content with one’s self”, “self righteousness”, and “oneness of self and environment”.

Conclusion: The paper concludes by emphasizing several topics that are essential to improving the interface between Indian culture and psychological resilience of elderly for the implementation of effective social policy.

The Roleof Ethical Presentation of Teachers on Students’ Involvement intheClassroom

Mr. Suraj Das — 2025-11-06

This study explores the influence of teachers’ ethical presentation and conduct on student involvement in the classroom. In an era where student engagement is pivotal to effective learning, the role of the teacher extends beyond instructional delivery to encompass personal ethics, fairness, and respectful behavior.

Through both qualitative and quantitative analyses— including student surveys and classroom observations in undergraduate settings— the study establishes a significant positive relationship between teachers’ ethical conduct and student involvement. Findings suggest that ethical behaviors such as fairness, transparency, empathy, and respectful communication enhance student participation, attentiveness, and classroom collaboration.