A Holistic Approach to Gene Editing for Human Enhancement

Abstract

This article explores the ethical complexities of gene editing for human enhancement, proposing a novel combined ethical framework that integrates the precautionary principle, cost/benefit analysis, and virtue ethics. The purpose of this research is to address the inadequacies of these individual frameworks when applied in isolation and to provide a comprehensive methodology for evaluating gene editing inter ventions. Methodologically, the paper systematically examines each ethical framework’s principles, strengths, and limitations, culminating in the development of an integrated model. The proposed framework is then applied to a theoretical case study to illustrate its practical utility. Findings reveal that while the precautionary approach ensures safety by rejecting interventions posing catastrophic or existential risks, it can overly restrict innovation. Cost/benefit analysis balances risks and benefits but struggles to address intangible ethical dimen sions. Virtue ethics emphasizes human flourishing and moral character but lacks the generalizability required for policy applications. The combined framework leverages the strengths of these approaches, providing a balanced, adaptable model that aims to maximise collective well-being within certain safety constraints and in a way that aligns with broader goals of human flourishing. The study’s originality lies in its holistic integration of diverse ethical perspectives, offering a robust tool for navigating the moral landscape of enhancement technologies. Limitations include challenges in operationalizing the framework across varied contexts and the need for iterative refinement as scien tific knowledge evolves. Implications extend to policymaking, emphasizing equitable access, risk management, and adaptive governance to ensure ethical oversight of gene editing.